Test programs to determine parameters for printing the filaments.
Come from the field of laser processing. There it is so that there are test programs for setting the laser technology tables (different materials) to adjust the parameters. Missing that with the Prusa, can nowhere find test programs for temperature, retract, speed detection, etc. from the printer manufacturer.
Most of it is aleady done for you in the presets - one of Prusa's selling points. It's only when you encounter an exotic filament that any of this matters and usually the manufacturer supplies a set of suggested starting values.
For rogue filaments the most useful calibration technique is a temperature tower - search for them on here.
Speed detection is pointless, speed is mechanically linked to stepper pulses so unless you are missing steps - a much more serious problem - there is nothing to detect.
Retraction. A odd one. Most successful users never touch the retraction levels. There is a lot of discussion about them here but almost all of it is from users who are attempting to fix the wrong problem. Keep your filaments dry, really dry, and you will probably not encounter any retraction issues but bear in mind that larger nozzles, higher printing temperatures and higher printing speeds all contribute to stringing which can only partially addressed with retraction - and that Prusa's presets are already tuned to the sweet spot.
You may find this of interest: https://help.prusa3d.com/materials
Cheerio,