Increasing power supply, faster heating times?
Would replacing the 240watt (24v, 10a) power supply with something more powerful be able to heat up the bed and extruder faster?
Is the heating cartridge and bed pulling their max current with the 240watt PSU?
Yes, in that it could dump the required amount of heat faster but it is likely that rapid heating would be uneven and so adding a wait for it to even out might take away most of the time saving.
Cheerio,
RE:
The power source must, I repeat must be sized for the maximum power required by the heating devices. There must even be a power reserve, so that the source is not loaded to the limit of its performance, or even overloaded! This would lead to rapid wear of the resource and over time to its destruction. So any increase in the possible power of the source is pointless, the heating devices will only take the power they require regardless of the source. It's the same in your home, when appliances consume only the power they are designed for, although there is much more power available in your network (until the fuses blow)!